Asthma is one of the most prevalent health conditions in the UK, affecting over 8 million people. Of these, around 5.4 million are currently receiving treatment to help manage their symptoms.
What is Asthma?
While the exact cause of asthma remains unclear, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a role. Certain triggers are known to exacerbate symptoms, including:
- Allergens like pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mould
- Irritants such as air pollution, smoke, and strong odours
- Foods including dairy, gluten, soya, and nuts for some individuals
Understanding what triggers an individual’s asthma is key to managing the condition effectively.
Who is at Risk?
You may be at a higher risk of developing asthma if:
- You have a family history of asthma or allergies
- You suffer from allergic conditions such as hay fever or eczema
- You smoke or are regularly exposed to second-hand smoke
- You are overweight, which can put additional pressure on your lungs
Recognising the Symptoms
Asthma symptoms can vary from person to person, but common signs to watch out for include:
- Persistent coughing, particularly at night or early in the morning
- Wheezing or whistling sounds when breathing
- Feeling short of breath, especially during physical activity
- Reduced lung function or fatigue during exercise
- Symptoms that appear to be triggered by allergens such as pollen or pet fur/dander
If you experience these symptoms regularly, it's important to speak to a healthcare professional.
How Is Asthma Treated?
Although there is currently no cure for asthma, the condition can usually be effectively managed with the right treatment plan. Most people use inhalers to help control their symptoms:
Preventer inhalers contain a low dose of steroid medication to reduce inflammation in the airways and help prevent symptoms from developing.
Reliever inhalers provide fast-acting relief by relaxing the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe.
For those with more severe asthma, additional treatments such as tablets or specialist therapies may be recommended.